---

提示

修改自秋水逸冰 (opens new window)的backup.sh脚本 参考自WeiCN的教程：一键备份脚本backup.sh(新增支持COS/阿里云盘) (opens new window) 本文只关注阿里云盘的上传

提示

数据备份拢共分三步

• 压缩文件或文件夹
• 加密压缩好的文件
• 将加密好的文件上传至网盘

压缩

# 存储压缩文件的目录
LOCALDIR="/root/backup/file/"
# 创建备份时的临时目录
TEMPDIR="/root/backup/temp/"
# 备份时脚本产生的log文件（注意是文件不是目录）
LOGFILE="/root/backup/backup.log"

# 待压缩文件夹
# BACKUP是一个数组变量，可以存放多个PATH
BACKUP[0]="/data/www/default/test1"
BACKUP[1]="/data/www/default/test2"

加密

# 是否加密
ENCRYPTFLG=true
# 加密秘钥
BACKUPPASS=""

加密命令：

openssl enc -aes256 -in "源文件PATH" -out "输出文件PATH" -pass pass:"加密秘钥" -md sha256

解密

openssl enc -aes256 -in "待解密文件PATH" -out decrypted_backup.tgz -pass pass:"加密秘钥" -d -md sha256

阿里云盘配置

阿里云盘cli地址 aliyunpan (opens new window)

# 阿里云盘上的远程地址，从根目录开始算起，可以不写`/`
ALI_FOLDER="backup"
# 是否开启上传
ALI_FLG=true
# aliyunpan中的main.py文件地址
ALI_PY_FILE="main.py"
# 阿里云盘免登陆token
ALI_REFRESH_TOKEN=""

获取阿里云盘的REFRESH_TOKEN

• 登录网页版阿里云盘 (opens new window)
• F12打开控制台
• 找到Local Storage中Key为token的值
• 在上一步的值中找到refresh_token，收工
• 必须得再来个图，不然浑身难受

注意

拿到REFRESH_TOKEN后，如果重新登录之前的token就会失效，需要重新获取

其他配置

# 定期删除备份文件的天数，默认7天，也即只会保存近7天的备份文件
LOCALAGEDAILIES="7"
# 是否删除远程文件，默认true
DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG=true
# MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的 root 用户密码
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=""
# 指定 MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的数据库名，留空则是备份所有数据库
# MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME 是一个数组变量，可以指定多个
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[0]="admin"
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[1]="test"

定时执行脚本

必须使用root权限执行脚本，创建Linux定时任务，每天晚上凌晨4点执行备份脚本

crond常用命令

systemctl start   crond         #启动服务
systemctl stop    crond         #停止服务
systemctl restart crond         #重启服务
systemctl reload  crond         #重载配置文件
systemctl status  crond         #查看状态

crontab常用命令

crontab -u 		#设定某个用户的cron服务
crontab -l		#显示crontab文件(显示已设置的定时任务)
crontab -e		#编辑crontab文件(编辑定时任务)
crontab -r		#删除crontab文件(删除定时任务)
crontab -i		#删除crontab文件提醒用户(删除定时任务)

# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# |  |  |  |  |
# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed
  0  4  *  *  * /root/backup.sh

收工

最后就可以在阿里云盘中看到备份好上传的以.文件了

附：脚本文件

大神的脚本

https://github.com/teddysun/across/raw/master/backup.sh (opens new window)

本文使用的脚本

点击查看

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright (C) 2013 - 2020 Teddysun <i@teddysun.com>
#
# This file is part of the LAMP script.
#
# LAMP is a powerful bash script for the installation of
# Apache + PHP + MySQL/MariaDB and so on.
# You can install Apache + PHP + MySQL/MariaDB in an very easy way.
# Just need to input numbers to choose what you want to install before installation.
# And all things will be done in a few minutes.
#
# Description:      Auto backup shell script
# Description URL:  https://teddysun.com/469.html
#
# Website:  https://lamp.sh
# Github:   https://github.com/teddysun/lamp
#
# You must to modify the config before run it!!!
# Backup MySQL/MariaDB datebases, files and directories
# Backup file is encrypted with AES256-cbc with SHA1 message-digest (option)
# Auto transfer backup file to Google Drive (need install rclone command) (option)
# Auto transfer backup file to FTP server (option)
# Auto delete Google Drive's or FTP server's remote file (option)

[[ $EUID -ne 0 ]] && echo "Error: This script must be run as root!" && exit 1

########## START OF CONFIG ##########

# Encrypt flag (true: encryspt, false: not encrypt)
ENCRYPTFLG=true

# WARNING: KEEP THE PASSWORD SAFE!!!
# The password used to encrypt the backup
# To decrypt backups made by this script, run the following command:
# openssl enc -aes256 -in [ENCRYPTED BACKUP] -out decrypted_backup.tgz -pass pass:[BACKUPPASS] -d -md sha256
BACKUPPASS=""

# Directory to store backups
LOCALDIR="/root/backup/file/"

# Temporary directory used during backup creation
TEMPDIR="/root/backup/temp/"

# File to log the outcome of backups
LOGFILE="/root/backup/backup.log"

# OPTIONAL:
# If you want to backup the MySQL database, enter the MySQL root password below, otherwise leave it blank
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=""

# Below is a list of MySQL database name that will be backed up
# If you want backup ALL databases, leave it blank.
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[0]=""

# Below is a list of files and directories that will be backed up in the tar backup
# For example:
# File: /data/www/default/test.tgz
# Directory: /data/www/default/test
BACKUP[0]="/data/www/default/test"

# Number of days to store daily local backups (default 7 days)
LOCALAGEDAILIES="7"

# Delete remote file from Googole Drive or FTP server flag (true: delete, false: not delete)
DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG=true

# Rclone remote name
RCLONE_NAME=""

# Rclone remote folder name (default "")
RCLONE_FOLDER=""

# Cos remote folder name (default "")
COS_FOLDER=""

# AliyunDrive remote folder name (default "")
ALI_FOLDER="backup"

# Upload local file to FTP server flag (true: upload, false: not upload)
FTP_FLG=false

# Upload local file to Google Drive flag (true: upload, false: not upload)
RCLONE_FLG=false

# Upload local file to Cos flag (true: upload, false: not upload)
COS_FLG=false

# Upload local file to AliyunDrive flag (true: upload, false: not upload)
ALI_FLG=true
# AliyunDrive main.py
ALI_PY_FILE="main.py"
ALI_REFRESH_TOKEN=""

# FTP server
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the Hostname or IP address below
FTP_HOST=""

# FTP username
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the FTP username below
FTP_USER=""

# FTP password
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the username's password below
FTP_PASS=""

# FTP server remote folder
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the FTP remote folder below
# For example: public_html
FTP_DIR=""

########## END OF CONFIG ##########

# Date & Time
DAY=$(date +%d)
MONTH=$(date +%m)
YEAR=$(date +%C%y)
BACKUPDATE=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
# Backup file name
TARFILE="${LOCALDIR}""$(hostname)"_"${BACKUPDATE}".tgz
# Encrypted backup file name
ENC_TARFILE="${TARFILE}.enc"
# Backup MySQL dump file name
SQLFILE="${TEMPDIR}mysql_${BACKUPDATE}.sql"

log() {
    #echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1"
    echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE}
}

# Check for list of mandatory binaries
check_commands() {
    # This section checks for all of the binaries used in the backup
    # Do not check mysql command if you do not want to backup the MySQL database
    if [ -z "${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ]; then
        BINARIES=( cat cd du date dirname echo openssl pwd rm tar )
    else
        BINARIES=( cat cd du date dirname echo openssl mysql mysqldump pwd rm tar )
    fi

    # Iterate over the list of binaries, and if one isn't found, abort
    for BINARY in "${BINARIES[@]}"; do
        if [ ! "$(command -v "$BINARY")" ]; then
            log "$BINARY is not installed. Install it and try again"
            exit 1
        fi
    done

    # check rclone command
    RCLONE_COMMAND=false
    if [ "$(command -v "rclone")" ]; then
        RCLONE_COMMAND=true
    fi

    # check COS command
    COS_COMMAND=false
    if [ "$(command -v "coscmd")" ]; then
        COS_COMMAND=true
    fi

    # check AliyunDrive command
    ALI_COMMAND=false
    if [ ! -f "${ALI_PY_FILE}" ]; then
        ALI_COMMAND=true
    fi

    # check ftp command
    if ${FTP_FLG}; then
        if [ ! "$(command -v "ftp")" ]; then
            log "ftp is not installed. Install it and try again"
            exit 1
        fi
    fi
}

calculate_size() {
    local file_name=$1
    local file_size=$(du -h $file_name 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $1}')
    if [ "x${file_size}" = "x" ]; then
        echo "unknown"
    else
        echo "${file_size}"
    fi
}

# Backup MySQL databases
mysql_backup() {
    if [ -z "${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ]; then
        log "MySQL root password not set, MySQL backup skipped"
    else
        log "MySQL dump start"
        mysql -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" 2>/dev/null <<EOF
exit
EOF
        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            log "MySQL root password is incorrect. Please check it and try again"
            exit 1
        fi
        if [ "${MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[@]}" == "" ]; then
            mysqldump -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" --all-databases > "${SQLFILE}" 2>/dev/null
            if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
                log "MySQL all databases backup failed"
                exit 1
            fi
            log "MySQL all databases dump file name: ${SQLFILE}"
            #Add MySQL backup dump file to BACKUP list
            BACKUP=(${BACKUP[@]} ${SQLFILE})
        else
            for db in ${MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[@]}; do
                unset DBFILE
                DBFILE="${TEMPDIR}${db}_${BACKUPDATE}.sql"
                mysqldump -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ${db} > "${DBFILE}" 2>/dev/null
                if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
                    log "MySQL database name [${db}] backup failed, please check database name is correct and try again"
                    exit 1
                fi
                log "MySQL database name [${db}] dump file name: ${DBFILE}"
                #Add MySQL backup dump file to BACKUP list
                BACKUP=(${BACKUP[@]} ${DBFILE})
            done
        fi
        log "MySQL dump completed"
    fi
}

start_backup() {
    [ "${#BACKUP[@]}" -eq 0 ] && echo "Error: You must to modify the [$(basename $0)] config before run it!" && exit 1

    log "Tar backup file start"
    tar -zcPf ${TARFILE} ${BACKUP[@]}
    if [ $? -gt 1 ]; then
        log "Tar backup file failed"
        exit 1
    fi
    log "Tar backup file completed"

    # Encrypt tar file
    if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
        log "Encrypt backup file start"
        openssl enc -aes256 -in "${TARFILE}" -out "${ENC_TARFILE}" -pass pass:"${BACKUPPASS}" -md sha256
        log "Encrypt backup file completed"

        # Delete unencrypted tar
        log "Delete unencrypted tar file: ${TARFILE}"
        rm -f ${TARFILE}
    fi

    # Delete MySQL temporary dump file
    for sql in $(ls ${TEMPDIR}*.sql); do
        log "Delete MySQL temporary dump file: ${sql}"
        rm -f ${sql}
    done

    if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
        OUT_FILE="${ENC_TARFILE}"
    else
        OUT_FILE="${TARFILE}"
    fi
    log "File name: ${OUT_FILE}, File size: $(calculate_size ${OUT_FILE})"
}

# Transfer backup file to Google Drive
# If you want to install rclone command, please visit website:
# https://rclone.org/downloads/
rclone_upload() {
    if ${RCLONE_FLG} && ${RCLONE_COMMAND}; then
        [ -z "${RCLONE_NAME}" ] && log "Error: RCLONE_NAME can not be empty!" && return 1
        if [ -n "${RCLONE_FOLDER}" ]; then
            rclone ls ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER} 2>&1 > /dev/null
            if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
                log "Create the path ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}"
                rclone mkdir ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}
            fi
        fi
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to Google Drive"
        rclone copy ${OUT_FILE} ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER} >> ${LOGFILE}
        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            log "Error: Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to Google Drive failed"
            return 1
        fi
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to Google Drive completed"
    fi
}


# Tranferring backup file to COS
cos_upload() {
    if ${COS_FLG} && ${COS_COMMAND}; then
        [ -z "${COS_FOLDER}" ] && log "Error: COS_FOLDER can not be empty!" && return 1
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to COS"
        coscmd upload ${OUT_FILE} ${COS_FOLDER}/ >> ${LOGFILE}
        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            log "Error: Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to COS"
            return 1
        fi
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to COS completed"
    fi
}

# Tranferring backup file to COS
ali_upload() {
    if ${ALI_FLG}; then
        [ -z "${ALI_FOLDER}" ] && log "Error: ALI_FOLDER can not be empty!" && return 1
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to AliyunDrive"
        python3 ${ALI_PY_FILE} -t ${ALI_REFRESH_TOKEN} u ${OUT_FILE} /${ALI_FOLDER}/ >> ${LOGFILE}
        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            log "Error: Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to AliyunDrive"
            return 1
        fi
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to AliyunDrive completed"
    fi
}

# Tranferring backup file to FTP server
ftp_upload() {
    if ${FTP_FLG}; then
        [ -z "${FTP_HOST}" ] && log "Error: FTP_HOST can not be empty!" && return 1
        [ -z "${FTP_USER}" ] && log "Error: FTP_USER can not be empty!" && return 1
        [ -z "${FTP_PASS}" ] && log "Error: FTP_PASS can not be empty!" && return 1
        [ -z "${FTP_DIR}" ] && log "Error: FTP_DIR can not be empty!" && return 1
        local FTP_OUT_FILE=$(basename ${OUT_FILE})
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${FTP_OUT_FILE} to FTP server"
        ftp -in ${FTP_HOST} 2>&1 >> ${LOGFILE} <<EOF
user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS
binary
lcd $LOCALDIR
cd $FTP_DIR
put $FTP_OUT_FILE
quit
EOF
        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            log "Error: Tranferring backup file: ${FTP_OUT_FILE} to FTP server failed"
            return 1
        fi
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${FTP_OUT_FILE} to FTP server completed"
    fi
}

# Get file date
get_file_date() {
    #Approximate a 30-day month and 365-day year
    DAYS=$(( $((10#${YEAR}*365)) + $((10#${MONTH}*30)) + $((10#${DAY})) ))
    unset FILEYEAR FILEMONTH FILEDAY FILEDAYS FILEAGE
    FILEYEAR=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 1-4)
    FILEMONTH=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 5-6)
    FILEDAY=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 7-8)
    if [[ "${FILEYEAR}" && "${FILEMONTH}" && "${FILEDAY}" ]]; then
        #Approximate a 30-day month and 365-day year
        FILEDAYS=$(( $((10#${FILEYEAR}*365)) + $((10#${FILEMONTH}*30)) + $((10#${FILEDAY})) ))
        FILEAGE=$(( 10#${DAYS} - 10#${FILEDAYS} ))
        return 0
    fi
    return 1
}

# Delete Google Drive's old backup file
delete_gdrive_file() {
    local FILENAME=$1
    if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${RCLONE_COMMAND}; then
        rclone ls ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}/${FILENAME} 2>&1 > /dev/null
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            rclone delete ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}/${FILENAME} >> ${LOGFILE}
            if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
                log "Google Drive's old backup file: ${FILENAME} has been deleted"
            else
                log "Failed to delete Google Drive's old backup file: ${FILENAME}"
            fi
        else
            log "Google Drive's old backup file: ${FILENAME} is not exist"
        fi
    fi
}

# Delete COS's old backup file
delete_cos_file() {
    local FILENAME=$1
    if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${COS_COMMAND}; then
        cos delete ${COS_FOLDER}/${FILENAME} >> ${LOGFILE}
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            log "COS's old backup file: ${FILENAME} has been deleted"
        else
            log "Failed to delete COS's old backup file: ${FILENAME}"
        fi
    fi
}

# Delete AliyunDrive's old backup file
delete_ali_file() {
    local FILENAME=$1
    if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${ALI_COMMAND}; then
        python3 ${ALI_PY_FILE} -t ${ALI_REFRESH_TOKEN} del /${ALI_FOLDER}/${FILENAME} >> ${LOGFILE}
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            log "AliyunDrive's old backup file: ${FILENAME} has been deleted"
        else
            log "Failed to delete AliyunDrive's old backup file: ${FILENAME}"
        fi
    fi
}

# Delete FTP server's old backup file
delete_ftp_file() {
    local FILENAME=$1
    if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${FTP_FLG}; then
        ftp -in ${FTP_HOST} 2>&1 >> ${LOGFILE} <<EOF
user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS
cd $FTP_DIR
del $FILENAME
quit
EOF
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            log "FTP server's old backup file: ${FILENAME} has been deleted"
        else
            log "Failed to delete FTP server's old backup file: ${FILENAME}"
        fi
    fi
}

# Clean up old file
clean_up_files() {
    cd ${LOCALDIR} || exit
    if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
        LS=($(ls *.enc))
    else
        LS=($(ls *.tgz))
    fi
    for f in ${LS[@]}; do
        get_file_date ${f}
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            if [[ ${FILEAGE} -gt ${LOCALAGEDAILIES} ]]; then
                #rm -f ${f}
                log "Old backup file name: ${f} has been deleted"
                delete_gdrive_file ${f}
                delete_ftp_file ${f}
                delete_cos_file ${f}
                delete_ali_file ${f}
            fi
        fi
    done
}

# 立即删除本地文件
rm_local_file() {
    cd ${LOCALDIR} || exit
    rm -rf *.enc
}

# Main progress
STARTTIME=$(date +%s)

# Check if the backup folders exist and are writeable
[ ! -d "${LOCALDIR}" ] && mkdir -p ${LOCALDIR}
[ ! -d "${TEMPDIR}" ] && mkdir -p ${TEMPDIR}

log "Backup progress start"
check_commands
mysql_backup
start_backup
log "Backup progress complete"

log "Upload progress start"
rclone_upload
ftp_upload
cos_upload
ali_upload
log "Upload progress complete"

log "Cleaning up"
#rm_local_file
clean_up_files
ENDTIME=$(date +%s)
DURATION=$((ENDTIME - STARTTIME))
log "All done"
log "Backup and transfer completed in ${DURATION} seconds"